The Indians came closest to modem ideas of atomism, quantum physics, and other current theories. India developed very early, enduring atomist theories of matter. Possibly Greek atomistic thought was influenced by India, via the Persian civilization.
Source, in full
Teresi, Dick Lost Discoveries: The Ancient Roots of Modern Science - from the Babylonians to the Maya Simon & Schuster New York 2002 p. 1- 8 and 159 and 174 -239 as quoted in Londhe, S. (2008). A tribute to Hinduism: Thoughts and wisdom spanning continents and time about India and her culture