Wherever this regime has been applied in one form or another, it has led to economic stagnation and decline and political revolt.

All the King's Men' A search for the colonial ideas of some advisers and "accomplices" of Leopold II (1853-1892). (Hannes Vanhauwaert), Emile Banning (1836-1898): The Don Quichotte of the ‘liberal civilization’ in Congo, Emile Banning's Colonial Career. ARAB, Papiers Banning, no. 156. With the same annotation: “…Its reading had a double effect: the King regarded an orthodox testimony and frank warning motivated by his interest and that of the country as an insult, and from then on suspended all relations with my…” Source: PANNEELS, E. The Discord, 150.