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A system can be defined as a set of elements standing in interrelations. Interrelation means that elements, p, stand in relations, R, so that the behavior of an element p in R is different from its behavior in another relation, R’. If the behaviors in R and R’ are not different, there is no interaction, and the elements behave independently with respect to the relations R and R’.

— Ludwig von Bertalanffy General System Theory (1968)

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More quotes by Ludwig von Bertalanffy

Progress is only possible by passing from a state of undifferentiated wholeness to differentiation of parts.

General System Theory (1968)

What in the whole denotes a causal equilibrium process, appears for the part as a teleological event.

Wholeness [Ganzheit], Gestalt, is the primary attribute of life.

Kritische Theorie der Formbildung (1928)

The stream of life is maintained only in continuous flow of matter through all groups of organisms.

Apparently, the isomorphisms of laws rest in our cognition on the one hand, and in reality on the other.

General System Theory (1968)

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Quote text and notes from Wikiquote: Ludwig von Bertalanffy (page history), available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source quality and labels are our own summary of what Wikiquote records.