[The quick way to warm the planet] Drop thermonuclear weapons over the poles.
Notes from Wikiquote
On the show, Stephen Colbert said he had been trying to decide whether Musk was a superhero or a supervillain, the exchange led him to conclude the latter. University of Colorado atmospheric and ocean sciences professor Brian Toon told the Los Angeles Times: "It seems possible to make it Earthlike, but there's a lot of barriers to overcome [...] Blowing up bombs is not a good one."