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The act of segmenting the organization into departments would influence the behavior of organizational members in several ways. The members of each unit would become specialists in dealing with the particular tasks. Both because of their prior education and experience and because of the nature of their task, they would develop specialized working styles and mental processes.

— Paul R. Lawrence

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By integration we mean the process of achieving unity of effort among the various subsystems in the accomplishment of the organization's tasks.

Other things being equal, differentiation and integration are essentially antagonistic, and that one can be obtained only at the expense of the other.

The quality of the state of collaboration that exist among organizations that is required to achieve unity of effort by the demands of the environment.

Orientation of members toward others [is] a cognitive and affective orientation toward the objects of work, which is manifested in a person's interpersonal style.

By differentiation we mean the differences in cognitive and emotional orientation among managers in different units and the differences in formal structure among units.

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Quote text and notes from Wikiquote: Paul R. Lawrence (page history), available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source quality and labels are our own summary of what Wikiquote records.