Parvus denied that universal suffrage was an end in itself since the middle class would always had ways to manipulate the electoral system. Freedom could not be begged for: it had to be won. The bureaucracy and officer corps had to be eliminated. What was needed, in fact, was not just an uprising as demanded by the Bolsheviks but a commitment to a struggle to 'make the revolution permanent'.

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Quote text and notes from Wikiquote: Robert Service (page history), available under CC BY-SA 4.0. Source quality and labels are our own summary of what Wikiquote records.