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1917–1996 United States
Ernest Dale (Febr. 4, 1917 - Aug. 16, 1996) was a German-born American organizational theorist, Professor in Business Administration at Columbia University and the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, and consultant, known for his early work on comparative management theory in the 1960s. He was board member with Olivetti, Upjohn and Renault, and consulted companies such as Du Pont, I.B.M. and Unilever.
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An organization that is based on pure rationality ignores many facets of human nature.
Provision is made for utilization of a centralized staff of specialists to aid the decentralized operations.
Centralized controls are designed to ensure that the chief executive can find out how well the delegated authority and responsibility are being exercised.
Management policies and the quality of leadership have a lot to do with individual performance.
The functions or job contents necessary to reach objectives must be defined. This step is governed by two precepts.
Centralized control is provided for in a number of different ways
The following basic characteristics of organization should be kept in mind in any discussion of organization planning
In some cases the changes may represent just one part of a general improvement program. Such steps as the following, for example, will generally affect the organization structure
The application of systematic methods to the conduct of business is one of the most striking developments of the present day. The successful pursuit of business activities is increasingly based on carefully developed plans and well-ordered arrangements. The body of knowledge, called Organization, has become increasingly helpful in accomplishing the objectives of the enterprise.
This section will deal with the mechanics of organization—the actual processes or methods of creating and changing the company's organization structure. The problem is essentially that of best utilizing the people and resources presently on hand, as contrasted with the building up of an organization from scratch, described in Part I.
In this study, the primary aim has been to provide a perspective on organization development which would combine basic truths with practical realities. The answers had to be drawn, in the first place, from the wisdom of the great authorities of the past. These were the pioneers in scientific management and their followers, and the economists who evolved the principles of profit maximization.
Organization planning is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise so that they may be most logically assigned and effectively executed. It is concerned with the establishment of relationships among the units so as to further the objectives of the enterprise.
The extent to which personnel handles recruitment varies among companies, but in almost all large ones it will recruit all candidates for rank-and-file jobs, plant, or office, and for some of the lower and middle management jobs as well. As one goes up the line, the line managers are likely to take on more of the recruitment task.
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